Stamp duty is calculated using a tiered system with different rates for different price bands. The rates vary by region (England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) and whether you're a first-time buyer or purchasing an additional property. The tax is paid on the portion of the property price within each band.

Yes, first-time buyers can get stamp duty relief. In England and Northern Ireland, there's no stamp duty on properties up to £425,000 for first-time buyers (with relief available up to £625,000). In Scotland, the relief applies up to £175,000. Wales offers relief up to £180,000.

The additional home surcharge is an extra charge applied when buying a second home or buy-to-let property. The rate is 3% in England and Northern Ireland, 4% in Wales, and 6% in Scotland. This is added on top of the standard stamp duty rates.

With shared ownership, you can choose to pay stamp duty on either the portion you're buying or the full market value. If you pay on the portion and later 'staircase' to own more, you may pay additional stamp duty. Our calculator helps you understand both options.

Stamp duty must be paid within 14 days of completing your property purchase. Your solicitor typically handles this payment on your behalf during the conveyancing process. Late payment incurs penalties and interest charges.

Yes, several exemptions exist including properties under £150,000 (in most regions), certain transfers between spouses, and some commercial transactions. Charitable organizations and certain government bodies may also be exempt from stamp duty.